Langue jest u\u017cywany do okre\u015blenia systemu regu\u0142 dla wszelkiego rodzaju wymiany informacji, kt\u00f3ry jest niezale\u017cny od u\u017cytkownika, a z kolei parole sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z okre\u015blonych znacze\u0144 nadawanych langue w procesie u\u017cywania tego ostatniego (Saussure 1959). Aby rozwin\u0105\u0107 zastosowanie tych poj\u0119\u0107, pos\u0142u\u017cymy si\u0119 innym przyk\u0142adem ze sfery tatua\u017cu - rosyjskim tatua\u017cem kryminalnym, stylem, kt\u00f3ry w pewnym stopniu jest \u017cyw\u0105 klasyk\u0105 tatua\u017cu domowego.<\/p>\n
Z\u0142o\u017cony system znak\u00f3w, w jaki przekszta\u0142ci\u0142o si\u0119 tatuowanie rosyjskich wi\u0119\u017ani\u00f3w, mia\u0142 kilka warstw funkcjonowania i znaczenia. Po pierwsze, s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 jako hierarchiczny identyfikator, pomagaj\u0105c w przeprowadzeniu procedur podporz\u0105dkowania, kt\u00f3re by\u0142y \u015bci\u015ble okre\u015blone przez kodeks przest\u0119pc\u00f3w. Z drugiej strony, tatua\u017ce by\u0142y r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykorzystywane do si\u0142owego \"pi\u0119tnowania\" przedstawicieli ni\u017cszych kast spo\u0142eczno\u015bci wi\u0119ziennej (Ba\u0142dajew 2006). Inn\u0105 funkcj\u0105 rosyjskiego tatua\u017cu kryminalnego jest funkcja komunikacyjna.<\/p>\n
Wzory tatua\u017cy stanowi\u0105 z\u0142o\u017cony j\u0119zyk sk\u0142adaj\u0105cy si\u0119 z symboli, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 nie\u015b\u0107 ogromn\u0105 ilo\u015b\u0107 informacji. Symbolika tego j\u0119zyka opiera si\u0119 na cechach osobistych istotnych w \u015bwiecie przest\u0119pczym, takich jak \"specjalizacja\" skazanego, rodzaj przest\u0119pstwa, za kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142 skazany, liczba lat sp\u0119dzonych w wi\u0119zieniu, uzale\u017cnienie od narkotyk\u00f3w, lojalno\u015b\u0107\/nielojalno\u015b\u0107 itp. W ten spos\u00f3b tatua\u017ce przest\u0119pcy stanowi\u0105 jego \u017cyciorys, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3remu wszystkie jego osi\u0105gni\u0119cia s\u0105 widoczne dla wsp\u00f3\u0142wi\u0119\u017ani\u00f3w.<\/p>\n
Wszystkie symbole u\u017cywane do okre\u015blania wymienionych funkcji odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do langue, stanowi\u0105 zbi\u00f3r uzgodnionych symboli, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 specjalnie zaprojektowane do przenoszenia okre\u015blonych informacji. W tym samym czasie zdarzaj\u0105 si\u0119 przypadki rozszyfrowania informacji zar\u00f3wno przez osoby zdolne do posiadania pewnej wiedzy, jak i niezdolne, a wi\u0119c b\u0142\u0119dnie interpretuj\u0105ce. Na przyk\u0142ad przypadkowa osoba na ulicy mo\u017ce pomy\u015ble\u0107, \u017ce mi\u0142o\u015bnik tatua\u017cy to by\u0142y skazaniec, podczas gdy prawdziwy by\u0142y skazaniec, kt\u00f3ry wie, jak wygl\u0105daj\u0105 tatua\u017ce wi\u0119zienne, nigdy nie pope\u0142ni takiego b\u0142\u0119du.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Langue is used to identify the system of rules for any kind of information exchange that is independent of the user, and in turn, parole consists of specific meanings made of langue in the process of using of the latter (Saussure 1959). To develop the use of these concepts closely another example from the tattoo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rightstuff.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}